I was recently tasked with copying speaker’s presentations, files and handouts onto 100s of USB Drives (key drives) for a conference that work is hosting down in Washington, D.C. My first thought was that it was going to be a pain to have to copy/paste the files to each drive. I thought about creating a batch script to copy the files with a double click. But really, who wants to be doing all of that clicking and/or typing? Work smarter, not harder.

Then I remembered a neat feature that SyncBackSE, a program I use at home for backups, has available. The backup program – which is basically a file copy process – can be triggered based on the insert of a drive, whether that be a USB Key Drive or an External Hard Drive. Using the program, the only action you need to do to trigger the copy process is literally plug the drive in. After the machine recognizes the drive and mounts it to a drive letter, the copy process starts automatically.

Here are the directions on how to set this up.

1. 

   Prepare your system. Install SyncBackSE. I have purchased the full program at home, but since I am using this for a limited task you can just install the 30-day trial. Create a folder, on your desktop or location of choice, with the files you want to be copied to the filesystem. Copy files to that folder, this is your “source directory”. Plug in as many USB drives as you can, in my case I used a USB hub with two handy top USB ports. Note which letter these drives assign themselves as.

2. Set up the Source and Destination. The Source will be the “source directory” of any files you wish to copy. The Destination will be the USB Drive Letter. If you are able to plug more than one drive in at a time, you will need to create separate profiles for each one, with differing drive letters. Create them at first or just copy the first profile you make, and switch the Destination Drive on each one.

3. Modify the profile. This is where the magic happens. Under profile setup, go to “Click for Options” and check off “Expert”. Select When and then “Insert”. Check off “Run this profile when:” and select the drive letter under “is inserted into drive”. Also check off “Run unattended” – this will ensure it does not prompt you when you plug in your drive each time. The other options should remain with . A summary of these settings is in the figure below.

That is it! Test by inserting a USB drive. You should see the profile change to “Running” then then “Success” after files have been completed. The screen will look as follows:

In my experience, the part that takes the longest was Windows XP discovering the new drive and then assigning the drive letter. This PC is slow, so I imagine on a faster machine this process would actually be much quicker. I ended up having to re-copy the drives since someone added their handouts in the last minute, but the drive discovery process happened much faster the second time around. I was able to do about 100 drives in 30 minutes, so this process is actually very speedy and works very well.

In order to do this, we first need to set up a way to pull this information from the router. The best way to do this is to install an SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) daemon on the system.

The main roadblock we face here is that the system mainly runs in volatile system memory, meaning that every time the system is rebooted the filesystem is reset. Fortunately Tomato provides a way to get around this using CIFS shares. Follow the steps below (as modified from here) to install an SNMP server on a Tomato router.

1. Create a network (samba, CIFS) share somewhere on the network. This computer must be on all of the time in order for Tomato to run the SNMP server.
2. Download the snmpd.zip file from one of these locations:
   [xs4all.nl]
   [systembash]

   expand the binary and .conf file into the share or a subdirectory (for example, <share name>/snmp)

   MD5 for snmpd binary is ae0d622648efdb8dceb7b3b5a63e23ac

3. Set up the shared directory on the router. Visit Administration->CIFS Client. Add the share as follows, with your correct share information:
4. Log into the Tomato router via ssh, and start SNMPd on the router by issuing the command:

   /cifs1/snmp/snmpd -c /cifs1/snmp/snmpd.conf &

5. Test that SNMP is running and can be accessed on another computer on the network. To test it, you can use snmpwalk like so:

   snmpwalk -c public -v 2c <IP Address of Router>

   If it works properly, it will list the available OIDs from the router. You do not need to take note of these, but they will be used in the graphing software later.

6. Finally, we need to launch the SNMP server when the router is restarted. You do this by adding the command to start it in the area Administration -> Scripts -> Firewall:

   sleep 30
   /cifs1/snmp/snmpd -c /cifs1/snmp/snmpd.conf -s &

   This launches the snmp server 30 seconds after the router is started or rebooted.

Thats it! SNMP is now running on the router.

Now to add this SNMP host to your graphing software. For this example, I will use Cacti, which I will assume you have already set up. If you need to set it up, please follow the directions on the Cacti site for installation.

First, add the router as a new device, using the information below (change IP to suite your needs):

After adding the device, you have several options depending on what sort of data you are looking for. For system information on the router – for example CPU usage, memory usage, etc; you can go directly to Create -> New Graphs. Select your device and then add the graph you are looking for.

The graph will show as a broken image at first, or a blank graph with “NaN” as the data source. Give it a few minutes to update, and the information should start to flow through. The ucd/net options work best, but feel free to experiment.

To get traffic stats on the interface, you first need to “Walk” the device.  Go back to your device list, and edit the device you added. Under “Associated Data Queries”, Add Data Query, add “SNMP – Interface Statistics” with Re-Index period as “Uptime goes backwards”. After adding it you should see under status something like: Success [39 Items, 6 Rows].

Since these data sources are now added, you can go back to Add a new Graph. After selecting the device, you should see a list of these new interfaces. Select the interfaces you wish to graph, and select the graph type (I suggest In/Out bits with Total).

After a few minutes, the data should start filling in. After a while, you will get a graph like this:

In conclusion, with a little work, you can get enterprise class graphing from your consumer router. The total project took me about 45 minutes, and I was trying to figure out all of the data sources and the correct way to enter everything.

Let me know your experiences, suggestions and corrections!

grep -lr -e '<oldword>' * | xargs sed -i 's/<oldword>/<newword>/g'

This command broken down:

• grep for the word in a files, use recursion (to find files in sub directories), and list only file matches
• | xargs passes the results from the grep command to sed
• sed -i uses a regular expression (regex) to evaluate the change: s (search) / search word / target word / g (global replace)

For more information, see man pages for grep, sed, and xarg. Also it is very handy to learn about regular expressions as they are a valuable tool to any command line programmer!

Update 2009/7/19:

Thanks to reader btr we have a great one-line perl command that will perform the same task:

Perl provides a really nice one-line for this kind of thing:

perl -p -i -e ’s///g’ *

It also provides the option of creating a backup of each file changed:

perl -p -i.bak -e ’s///g’ *

mnemonic: PIE (”easy as pie”, etc.)
google “perl pie” and you’ll get lots of info for other uses of this technique.

http://www.linux.org/lessons/short/perlpie/perl_pie.html

Came across this little maddening issue again today after fixing it a few months back. I created a directory that is password protected using a .htaccess file. However, when trying to access this folder or anything under this directory, a File Not Found 404 error from Wordpress is displayed before it even prompts you for the password. The problem here lays within the main Wordpress .htaccess file

The default .htaccess file for WordPress is:

# BEGIN wordpress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# END wordpress

This means that if a file is requested from the server, if it is not a file that exists in the server’s folder directory (!-f) and if it is not a directory that exists in the server’s folder directories (!-d) then pass the request onto index.php. This way, Wordpress will handle both customized URLs (such as those used for SEO) and also 404 File Not Found errors.

If you set up a password protected folder in a directory included in a Wordpress install, all of a sudden Wordpress takes over that folder and returns a 404 page, like the file doesn’t exist.

This happens because of a little ‘gotcha’ in the apache configuration. Luckily it is an easy fix.

In the password protected folder’s .htaccess file, you may already have the entries to ask for password access. Before all of that, place the following line:

ErrorDocument 401 /401.html

Then create a 401.html in the main folder, with any text, for example:

PASSWORD PROTECTED FOLDER – Please enter the correct username/password.

Voila, you can now enter your password protected folder again.

There is another workaround this little error, but since it involves editing the main wordpress .htaccess file, it can be overridden during an upgrade.

Solution found on: http://www.webmasterworld.com/apache/3688208.htm

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^subdomain\.yourdomain\.com
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www\.yourdomain\.com/subdomain/$1 [L]

Add this code to your apache configuration file – the easiest location is in the .htaccess file in your root web directory. This should redirect the browser with a 302 Found message.

You can do some pretty fancy things with mod_rewrite, but this is simple and gets the job done!

Fortunately there is a way around this, because by the default way it is set up, you would have to enter your password every time you open up Outlook.

First step is to change the registry key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa

Change lmcompatibilitylevel to “2″

Here is the meanings of these numbers (source):

0 – Clients use LM and NTLM authentication, but they never use NTLMv2 session security. Domain controllers accept LM, NTLM, and NTLMv2 authentication.
1 – Clients use LM and NTLM authentication, and they use NTLMv2 session security if the server supports it. Domain controllers accept LM, NTLM, and NTLMv2 authentication.
2 – Clients use only NTLM authentication, and they use NTLMv2 session security if the server supports it. Domain controller accepts LM, NTLM, and NTLMv2 authentication.
3 – Clients use only NTLMv2 authentication, and they use NTLMv2 session security if the server supports it. Domain controllers accept LM, NTLM, and NTLMv2 authentication.
4 – Clients use only NTLMv2 authentication, and they use NTLMv2 session security if the server supports it. Domain controller refuses LM authentication responses, but it accepts NTLM and NTLMv2.
5 – Clients use only NTLMv2 authentication, and they use NTLMv2 session security if the server supports it. Domain controller refuses LM and NTLM authentication responses, but it accepts NTLMv2.

I’ve uploaded a registry file which will automatically make the change here.

You then need to access the advanced user dialog properties (see my previous article on this if you do not see a tab in Control Panel -> Users & Accounts dialog). Click “Manage Passwords” and then add a new entry. This entry should be the Exchange server’s real name – the name that pops up in your password prompt windows. In my example, in is MAILXXX.mail.lan.

Finally, make sure that the Exchange server’s local name, MAILXXX.mail.lan, is in your hosts file. For most Windows XP folks, this is C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts.

The format is:

69.x.x.x MAILXXX.mail.lan

where the real accessible IP address is the first part, and the real Exchange server name is the section part. This allows your PC to locate the “Real” Exchange server name over the internet, even though it is not a real exchange server’s hostname on the internet.

I ended up selling the N800 but I thought I would pass this profile along to anyone who might use it.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<MediaCoderPrefs>
  <node key="overall">
    <node key="generic">
      <node key="autoRevert">
        <value>Never</value>
      </node>
    </node>
    <node key="ui">
      <node key="optionTab">
        <value>3</value>
      </node>
      <node key="param">
        <value>1069,767,47,50</value>
      </node>
      <node key="noWelcome">
        <value>4068</value>
      </node>
    </node>
    <node key="task"/>
    <node key="output"/>
    <node key="tagging"/>
    <node key="subtitle"/>
    <node key="decoding"/>
    <node key="audio"/>
    <node key="video">
      <node key="format">
        <value>XviD</value>
      </node>
    </node>
    <node key="container">
      <node key="format">
        <value>AVI</value>
      </node>
    </node>
    <node key="mplayer"/>
    <node key="preview"/>
    <node key="plugin"/>
    <node key="presets"/>
    <node key="httpd"/>
    <node key="server"/>
  </node>
  <node key="audiosrc">
    <node key="mplayer"/>
    <node key="winamp"/>
    <node key="lame"/>
    <node key="wavefile"/>
  </node>
  <node key="audioenc">
    <node key="lame"/>
    <node key="vorbis"/>
    <node key="faac"/>
    <node key="aacplus"/>
    <node key="nero"/>
    <node key="helix"/>
    <node key="helixmp3"/>
    <node key="fraunhofer"/>
    <node key="speex"/>
    <node key="musepack"/>
    <node key="ffmpeg"/>
    <node key="aac3gpp"/>
    <node key="amr"/>
    <node key="wavpack"/>
    <node key="flac"/>
    <node key="ape"/>
    <node key="tta"/>
    <node key="als"/>
    <node key="ofr"/>
    <node key="pcm"/>
    <node key="cli"/>
  </node>
  <node key="videosrc">
    <node key="mplayer"/>
    <node key="avisynth"/>
  </node>
  <node key="videoenc">
    <node key="xvid"/>
    <node key="x264"/>
    <node key="mencoder"/>
    <node key="ffmpeg"/>
    <node key="theora"/>
    <node key="dirac"/>
    <node key="amv"/>
    <node key="vfw"/>
    <node key="dumper"/>
    <node key="wm"/>
    <node key="remote"/>
  </node>
  <node key="container">
    <node key="mp4box"/>
    <node key="matroska"/>
    <node key="mencoder"/>
    <node key="mp4creator"/>
    <node key="atom"/>
    <node key="pmp"/>
    <node key="vcd"/>
  </node>
  <node key="audiofilter">
    <node key="resample"/>
    <node key="equalizer"/>
    <node key="channels"/>
    <node key="volume"/>
    <node key="surround"/>
    <node key="compressor"/>
    <node key="delay"/>
    <node key="extraStereo"/>
    <node key="extra"/>
    <node key="shibatch"/>
  </node>
  <node key="videofilter">
    <node key="scale">
      <node key="enabled">
        <value>true</value>
      </node>
      <node key="width">
        <value>352</value>
      </node>
      <node key="height">
        <value>288</value>
      </node>
    </node>
    <node key="crop"/>
    <node key="expand"/>
    <node key="frame"/>
    <node key="eq"/>
    <node key="postproc"/>
    <node key="rotate"/>
    <node key="itf"/>
    <node key="denoise"/>
    <node key="unsharp"/>
    <node key="delogo"/>
    <node key="screenshot"/>
    <node key="thumb"/>
    <node key="extra"/>
  </node>
</MediaCoderPrefs>

You can also download the file here: N800.xml